AMBIGUITY BETWEEN MURABAHAH AND QARDH CONTRACTS IN THIRD-PARTY CREDIT TRANSACTIONS: A FIQH MUAMALAH STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70248/jmie.v4i1.4766Abstract
This study examines contractual clarity and the legal status of payment differences in third-party credit purchases of electronic goods at Aji Elektronik 1 Kunduran from the perspective of fiqh muamalah. A qualitative normative-empirical approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis involving four informants: one seller, one third party, and two buyers. The analysis considers wakalah, murabahah, and qardh, focusing on ownership, possession (qabd), risk allocation, and the basis of profit. Findings indicate an element of wakalah at the initial purchasing-request stage, whereas the subsequent payment relationship cannot definitively be classified as murabahah or qardh. The third party used personal funds to purchase goods delivered directly to the buyer, but ownership and possession before resale could not be sufficiently established. The absence of a written agreement further obscures the third party’s position and the legal basis of the Rp500,000 difference. Normatively, this difference may be a lawful murabahah margin if the third party lawfully owned and possessed the goods before resale. Conversely, an increment stipulated on funds advanced under qardh constitutes prohibited riba. The available evidence does not establish the validity of the difference as a murabahah margin. Businesses should therefore clarify the contract type, document transfers of ownership and possession, and disclose the basis of profit to reduce legal uncertainty and the risk of riba in third-party credit transactions
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