THE EFFECT OF ENGAGEMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LEADERSHIP
Abstract
The decline in the quality of a plantation company is often caused by various factors, both internal and external to the company itself. The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of engagement on leadership implementation and employee performance at PTPN IV Regional 1, both directly and indirectly through the mediation of leadership implementation. The analytical method used in this study was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on SmartPLS version 4.1. The research population is all employees of PTPN IV Regional 1. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling, and the sample size was calculated using the Slovin formula. This resulted in 391 employees from three employee groups at PTPN IV Regional 1, selected proportionally. The results indicate that engagement directly has a positive and significant effect on leadership implementation and employee performance. Furthermore, leadership implementation plays a significant role in mediating the relationship between the independent variables and employee performance, thereby strengthening the influence of organizational factors on performance. The implications of this study indicate that increasing engagement that supports innovation can strengthen leadership implementation at PTPN IV Regional 1, thereby improving employee performance and supporting the achievement of organizational goals.
References
Agba, M. S., & Agba, G. E. M. (2025). The digital economy and the global workforce: Cultivating inclusive leadership and global mindsets for managing diversity at a distance. Int. J. Public Manag. Soc. Sci. Res, 1, 28-43.
Aruna, M., & Anitha, J. (2015). Employee retention enablers: Generation Y employees. SCMS Journal of Indian Management, 12(3), 94.
Ahmed, F., Naqshbandi, M. M., Waheed, M., & Ain, N. U. (2024). Digital leadership and innovative work behavior: impact of LMX, learning orientation and innovation capabilities. Management Decision, 62(11), 3607-3632.
Budhwar, P., Chowdhury, S., Wood, G., Aguinis, H., Bamber, G. J., Beltran, J. R., ... & Varma, A. (2023). Human resource management in the age of generative artificial intelligence: Perspectives and research directions on ChatGPT. Human Resource Management Journal, 33(3), 606-659.
Cook, S. (2008). Customer Care Excellence: How to Create an Effective Customer Focus. Kogan Page Publishers.
Caesens, G., Stinglhamber, F., & Luypaert, G. (2014). The impact of work engagement and workaholism on well-being: The role of work-related social support. Career Development International, 19(7), 813-835.
Dahri, A. S., Amin, S., & Waseem, M. (2019). Effect of Strategic Leadership on Organizational Performance through Knowledge Management. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 13(2).
Danirmala, A. (2022). Strategic Management: Concepts and Implementation in Facing Global Dynamics. Jakarta: PT. RajaGrafindo Persada.
Diamantidis, A. D., & Chatzoglou, P. (2019). Factors affecting employee performance: an empirical approach. International journal of productivity and performance management, 68(1), 171-193.
Fahy, J., et al. (2024). Strategic Marketing and Digital Transformation in Global Markets. McGraw-Hill Education.
Griffin, R. W. (2018). Management: Principles and Practices (12th ed.). Cengage Learning.
John-Eke, E. C., & Akintokunbo, O. O. (2020). Conflict management as a tool for increasing organizational effectiveness: A review of literature. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(5), 299-311.
Jiatong, W., et al. (2022). The impact of digital technology on entrepreneurial success: The mediating role of digital capability. Frontiers in Psychology.
Lee, J. H. (2025). Information Space Conflicts: Legal Frameworks and National Security. Oxford University Press.
Lencioni, P. M. (2010). The Five Dysfunctions of a Team: A Leadership Fable. Jossey-Bass.
Liden, R. C., et al. (2024). Leadership and Organizational Behavior: A Critical Review. Pearson.
Mangkunegara. (2017). Corporate Human Resource Management. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Mahfud, G., & Ratmono, D. (2013). Regression Analysis with EViews. Semarang: Diponegoro University Publishing Agency.
Nutrition. (2009). Standard Guidelines for Occupational Health and Performance. (Institutional reference work).
Osabiya, B. J. (2015). Conflict management and resolution in Nigeria public sector. Review of Public Administration and Management, 4(8), 107-120.
Omene, G. R. (2021). Conflict management strategies as a prerequisite for effective organizational performance: An exploratory analysis. International Journal of Business & Law Research, 9(4), 187-199.
Paiuc, D. (2021). The impact of cultural intelligence on multinational leadership: a semantic review. Management dynamics in the knowledge economy, 9(1), 81-93.
Ramos, A., Koesmono, T., Ellitan, L., & Otok, B. W. (2023). The influence of strategic leadership, organizational learning, and organizational culture on organizational performance through organizational citizenship behavior in Timor-Leste national police using structural equation modeling. Economics and Business Quarterly Reviews, 6(1).
Robbins, S. P. (2012). Management (11th ed.). Pearson Education.
Rana, S. (2015). High-involvement work practices and employee engagement. Human Resource Development International, 18(3), 308-316.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2017). Organizational Behavior (17th ed.). Pearson.
Sugiyono, (2016). Quantitative, Qualitative, and R&D Research Methods. Alfabeta.
Susanto, H., et al. (2023). Legal Strategies for National Security in Information Space. Springer.
Vroom, V. H., & Jago, A. G. (2007). The role of the situation in leadership. American Psychologist.
Zamzabilla, A., et al. (2022). Strategic Management: Theory and Implementation. CV. Widina Mediatam
