DAMPAK KETERAMPILAN INTERAKSI SOSIAL TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MENTAL DAN POLA TIDUR PADA ANAK DENGAN GANGGUAN SPEKTRUM AUTISME
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70248/jp.v2i1.2942Keywords:
Interaksi Sosial, Kesejahteraan Mental, Pola Tidur, Spektrum Autisme, Studi Literatur.Abstract
Gangguan Spektrum Autisme (GSA) ditandai oleh defisit signifikan dalam komunikasi dan interaksi sosial, yang seringkali berkorelasi dengan tantangan pada kesejahteraan mental dan pola tidur anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis bukti ilmiah mengenai dampak intervensi berbasis keterampilan interaksi sosial terhadap peningkatan keterampilan sosial, kesejahteraan mental, dan pola tidur pada anak dengan GSA. Tinjauan ini mengidentifikasi intervensi keterampilan sosial yang memengaruhi keterampilan interaksi sosial, serta dampaknya terhadap penurunan gejala kecemasan, depresi, peningkatan regulasi emosi, dan perbaikan kualitas tidur pada anak dengan GSA. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur dengan pendekatan literature review. Pencarian artikel menggunakan basis data elektronik seperti Google Scholar, PubMed, dan Science Direct dengan menggunakan kombinasi kata kunci seperti "social skills intervention," "autism spectrum disorder," "mental health," dan "sleep patterns." Kriteria inklusi meliputi studi primer dan tinjauan sistematis yang melibatkan anak usia 3-18 tahun dengan GSA, intervensi keterampilan interaksi sosial, serta hasil luaran terkait keterampilan sosial, kesejahteraan mental (kecemasan, depresi, regulasi emosi), dan pola tidur (kualitas tidur, gangguan tidur). Artikel dibatasi pada publikasi tahun 2020-2025 dan berbahasa Inggris. Dari total 870 artikel yang teridentifikasi, setelah proses penghapusan duplikasi dan skrining judul/abstrak, 114 artikel ditinjau teks lengkapnya. Berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan penilaian kualitas yang ketat, 6 artikel terpilih untuk analisis akhir. Hasil kajian berdasarkan sintesis artikel didapatkan temuan yang dikeolompokkan menjadi 3 tema, yaitu intervensi keterampilan interaksi sosial meningkatkan kemampuan sosial anak dengan GSA, dampak positif intervensi keterampilan interaksi sosial terhadap kesejahteraan mental anak dengan GSA, dan perbaikan pola tidur pada anak GSA dengan keterampilan interaksi sosial dan kesejahteraan mental.
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