KUALITAS UDARA KOTA BENGKULU DALAM BAYANG-BAYANG PM2,5: ANALISIS DATA DAN RISIKO KESEHATAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70248/jophs.v2i2.2897Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tren konsentrasi PM2.5 di Kota Bengkulu serta mengevaluasi potensi dampaknya terhadap kesehatan masyarakat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif observasional berbasis data sekunder dari pengukuran PM2.5 oleh BMKG Bengkulu selama periode September 2021 hingga Juli 2024, yang kemudian dikonversi ke nilai ISPU dan dianalisis secara statistik dan spasial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas udara di Kota Bengkulu berada dalam kategori ISPU Sedang, namun mengalami tren peningkatan konsentrasi tahunan, terutama pada musim kemarau (Mei–Agustus). Konsentrasi PM2.5 tertinggi tercatat sebesar 32,87 µg/m³ pada Juli 2024 dan seluruh rata-rata bulanan melebihi ambang batas tahunan WHO sebesar 5 µg/m³. Sumber utama pencemaran diduga berasal dari emisi PLTU Teluk Sepang serta aktivitas bongkar muat dan penumpukan batubara di Pelabuhan Pulau Baai. Simpulan: Meskipun masih dalam kategori ISPU Sedang, tingginya konsentrasi PM2.5 yang melebihi standar WHO menandakan potensi risiko kesehatan jangka panjang, terutama bagi kelompok rentan, sehingga diperlukan upaya mitigasi dan pengendalian polusi udara secara lebih serius.
Kata Kunci: PM2.5, ISPU, Kualitas Udara, Kesehatan Masyarakat
References
Asif, Z., Chen, Z., Wang, H., & Zhu, Y. (2022). Update on air pollution control strategies for coal-fired power plants. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 24(8), 2329–2347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-022-02328-8
ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (2022). Health Effects of Exposure to Substances. October, 2021–2022.
Chen, Z., Chen, D., Zhao, C., Kwan, M. po, Cai, J., Zhuang, Y., Zhao, B., Wang, X., Chen, B., Yang, J., Li, R., He, B., Gao, B., Wang, K., & Xu, B. (2020). Influence of meteorological conditions on PM2.5 concentrations across China: A review of methodology and mechanism. Environment International, 139(April), 105558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105558
Gupta, P., & Christopher, S. A. (2009). Particulate matter air quality assessment using integrated surface, satellite, and meteorological products: Multiple regression approach. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 114(14). https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011496
Hannun, R. M., & Abdul Razzaq, A. H. (2022). Air Pollution Resulted from Coal, Oil and Gas Firing in Thermal Power Plants and Treatment: A Review. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1002(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1002/1/012008
Jha, Akshaya; Muller, N. Z. (2017). Handle With Care: The Local Air Pollution Costs of Coal Storage (23417).
Kumar, S., Saha, N., Mohana, A. A., Hasan, M. S., Rahman, M. S., Elmes, M., & MacFarlane, G. R. (2024). Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Associated Trace Elements Pollution in Bangladesh: A Comparative Study with Global Megacities. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 235(4), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07021-8
Maciejczyk, P., Chen, L. C., & Thurston, G. (2021). The role of fossil fuel combustion metals in PM2.5 air pollution health associations. Atmosphere, 12(9), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091086
Miao, Y., Li, J., Miao, S., Che, H., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Zhu, R., & Liu, S. (2019). Interaction Between Planetary Boundary Layer and PM2.5 Pollution in Megacities in China: a Review. Current Pollution Reports, 5(4), 261–271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-019-00124-5
Milota, M., & Mosher, P. (2008). Emissions of hazardous air pollutants from lumber drying. Forest Products Journal, 58(7–8), 50–55.
Orellano, P., Kasdagli, M. I., Pérez Velasco, R., & Samoli, E. (2024). Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter and Mortality: An Update of the WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Public Health, 69(September), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1607683
Orellano, P., Reynoso, J., & Quaranta, N. (2023). Effects of air pollution on restricted activity days: systematic review and meta-analysis. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source, 22(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-023-00979-8
Pangestika, R., & Wilti, I. R. (2021). Karakteristik Risiko Kesehatan Non-Karsinogenik Akibat Pajanan PM2,5 di Tempat-Tempat Umum Kota Jakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 20(1), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.20.1.7-14
Rogowski, C. B. B., Bredell, C., Shi, Y., Tien-smith, A., Szybka, M., Fung, K. W., Hong, L., Phillips, V., Andersen, Z. J., Sharp, S. J., Woodcock, J., Brayne, C., Navaratnam, A., & Khreis, H. (2025). Long-term air pollution exposure and incident dementia : a systematic review and meta-analysis. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(25)00118-4
Salma, H. (2024). Analisis Kualitas Udara Terhadap Aktivitas Truk Batubara Di Provinsi Jambi. JSSIT: Jurnal Sains Dan Sains Terapan, 2(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.30631/jssit.v2i1.44
Seihei, N., Farhadi, M., Takdastan, A., Asban, P., Kiani, F., & Mohammadi, M. J. (2024). Short-term and long-term effects of exposure to PM10. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 27(March), 101611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101611
USEPA. (2024). Particulate Matter (PM) Pollution.
Wang, G., Hu, L., Xiao, L., Zhao, K. F., & Zheng, R. B. (2025). Seasonal Variation in Pm2.5 and Pm10 Concentrations Affected By Different Land Use Covers and Precipitation in Guangzhou, South China. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 23(3), 5929–5952. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2303_59295952
WHO. (2021). WHO global air quality guidelines Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. In WHO.
Wu, X., Vu, T. V., Shi, Z., Harrison, R. M., Liu, D., & Cen, K. (2018). Characterization and source apportionment of carbonaceous PM2.5 particles in China - A review. Atmospheric Environment, 189(January), 187–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.025
