KARAKTERISTIK KARDIOMETABOLIK LANSIA DALAM SKRINING KOMUNITAS : PERAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH TERHADAP RISIKO DISLIPIDEMIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70248/jophs.v2i3.2890Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi karakteristik kardiometabolik lansia dalam skrining komunitas dengan fokus pada peran Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) terhadap risiko dislipidemia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) dengan total sampling pada 40 lansia berusia ≥60 tahun yang mengikuti skrining kesehatan komunitas di Padang Panjang tahun 2024. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi pengukuran antropometri, profil lipid, dan tekanan darah, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi dislipidemia sebesar 77,5% pada lansia, dengan prevalensi tertinggi pada kelompok kelebihan berat badan (93,3%) dan obesitas (83,3%), meskipun perbedaan antar kategori IMT tidak signifikan secara statistik (p = 0,105). Nilai IMT berkorelasi positif signifikan dengan kadar trigliserida (r = 0,43; p = 0,005) dan LDL-C (r = 0,34; p = 0,034). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kenaikan IMT berhubungan erat dengan peningkatan risiko dislipidemia, sehingga pengukuran IMT dapat digunakan sebagai alat skrining awal yang efektif untuk mengidentifikasi lansia berisiko tinggi dan memandu intervensi pencegahan sekunder di tingkat komunitas.
Kata Kunci: Lansia, Indeks Massa Tubuh, Dislipidemia, Skrining Komunitas, Risiko Kardiometabolik
References
Abdulwahab, A., et al. (2018). Community-based intervention strategies for cardiovascular disease risk reduction: A systematic review. Journal of Community Health, 43(4), 767-776. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-018-0505-7
Azizi, F., et al. (2019). Prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia in the PERSIAN cohort study. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 17(3), e82864. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.82864
Beaglehole, R., et al. (2011). Priority actions for the non-communicable disease crisis. The Lancet, 377(9775), 1438-1447. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60393-0
BPS (2017). Statistik Indonesia 2017. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta.
(Catatan: Dokumen pemerintah, tidak ada link DOI)
Ference, B. A., et al. (2017). Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. European Heart Journal, 38(32), 2459-2472. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx144
Fitria, D., & Hakim, L. (2019). Profil lipid pada lansia di Indonesia: Studi epidemiologi. Jurnal Geriatri Indonesia, 4(2), 88-95.
Grundy, S. M., et al. (2018). 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 73(24), e285-e350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.003
Haslam, D. W., & James, W. P. T. (2005). Obesity. The Lancet, 366(9492), 1197-1209. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67483-1
Jellinger, P. S., et al. (2017). American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology guidelines for management of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Endocrine Practice, 23(Suppl 2), 1-87. https://doi.org/10.4158/EP171764.GL
Kassi, E., et al. (2011). Metabolic syndrome: definitions and controversies. BMC Medicine, 9, 48. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-9-48
Kemenkes RI (2017). Pedoman Nasional Pencegahan Penyakit Tidak Menular. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.
Kemenkes RI (2018). Laporan Kesehatan Indonesia 2018. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.
Li, J., et al. (2018). Association between body mass index and lipid profiles in Chinese adults: A cross-sectional study. Lipids in Health and Disease, 17, 92. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-018-0753-0
Mousavi, S. M., et al. (2018). Relationship between body mass index and lipid profile: A cross-sectional study from the PERSIAN cohort. Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 12(2), 347-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2017.12.009
Murray, C. J. L., & Lopez, A. D. (2013). Measuring the global burden of disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 369(5), 448-457. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1201534
Nugroho, R., et al. (2020). Implementasi skrining kardiometabolik pada lansia di komunitas: Tantangan dan solusi. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 15(3), 144-152.
Prasetyo, Y. T., & Wahyuni, S. (2020). Kebijakan skrining penyakit tidak menular di Indonesia: Studi kebijakan. Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia, 8(1), 24-30.
Pratiwi, A., & Irawan, D. (2020). Kualitas hidup lansia dengan penyakit kronis: Studi di Indonesia. Jurnal Geriatri dan Gerontologi Indonesia, 5(1), 15-22.
Rahimzadeh, M., et al. (2017). Association of body mass index and dyslipidemia in Iranian adults: A population-based study. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 11, S901-S906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2017.05.013
Santoso, B., et al. (2021). Hubungan indeks massa tubuh dan profil lipid pada lansia di Indonesia. Jurnal Kedokteran Baiturrahmah, 11(2), 90-97.
Setiati, S., et al. (2019). Penyakit kardiovaskular pada lansia di Indonesia: Epidemiologi dan strategi pencegahan. Jurnal Kardiologi Indonesia, 40(3), 123-130.
Soegondo, S., et al. (2015). Prevalensi dislipidemia di Indonesia: Hasil studi nasional. Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia, 2(1), 12-18.
Stone, N. J., et al. (2014). 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults. Circulation, 129(25 Suppl 2), S1-S45. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000437738.63853.7a
United Nations (2019). World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, New York. https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2019_Highlights.pdf
WHO (2000). Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. WHO Technical Report Series, 894. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42330
WHO (2018). Package of Essential Noncommunicable (PEN) Disease Interventions for Primary Health Care in Low-Resource Settings. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/ncds/management/pen/en/
WHO (2019). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) fact sheet. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
WHO (2021). Global Health Estimates 2021: Deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000-2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates
Zhang, X., et al. (2020). Correlation between body mass index and lipid profile in a Chinese population: A cross-sectional study. Lipids in Health and Disease, 19, 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-020-01214-3
