VARIABILITAS ANATOMI TELINGA LUAR MANUSIA: TINJAUAN LITERATUR TENTANG DIMENSI, BENTUK, DAN SIGNIFIKANSI KLINISNYA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70248/jophs.v2i2.2308Keywords:
Telinga luar, variasi anatomi, morfometri, forensik aurikula, rekonstruksi telingaAbstract
Latar belakang: Variasi morfologis di telinga luar manusia sangat kompleks dan beragam pada tingkat individu dan populasi. Dimensi pinna, lobulus, dan kanal auditorius eksternus sangat penting untuk identifikasi forensik dan dalam bidang klinis seperti desain alat bantu dengar, bedah plastik, dan rekonstruksi aurikula. Metode: Kajian ini merupakan tinjauan literatur sistematis terhadap publikasi ilmiah open-access dalam lima tahun terakhir yang membahas variabilitas anatomi telinga luar berdasarkan parameter morfometrik dan implikasi klinisnya. Hasil: Studi menunjukkan bahwa variasi bentuk telinga diklasifikasikan ke dalam bentuk oval, bulat, segitiga, dan persegi, dengan bentuk oval sebagai yang paling umum di berbagai populasi. Selain itu, ada bukti bahwa variasi dalam bentuk kanal auditorius eksternus, seperti silindris dan hourglass, berperan dalam perkembangan otitis eksterna kronis. Diskusi: Peran telinga sebagai penanda morfologis dalam antropologi dan forensik diperkuat oleh pemahaman variasi ini, selain mendukung pendekatan individualisasi dalam intervensi klinis. Kesimpulan: Pemetaan morfometrik yang menyeluruh diperlukan untuk mendukung praktik medis berbasis bukti, dan variasi anatomis telinga luar memiliki nilai klinis dan forensik yang signifikan.
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