EFEKTIVITAS DAN KEAMANAN TERAPI ZAT BESI TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN, FERRITIN, DAN SATURASI FERRITIN PADA PASIEN PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIS DENGAN ANEMIA DEFISIENSI BESI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70248/jophs.v2i1.1888Keywords:
Iron deficiency anemia, iron therapy, chronic kidney disease.Abstract
Latar belakang: Anemia defisiensi besi adalah komplikasi umum pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronis (CKD) yang dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup. Terapi zat besi, baik oral maupun intravena, digunakan untuk meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, dan saturasi transferin (TSAT). Namun, perbandingan efektivitas dan profil keamanan berbagai jenis terapi masih perlu dievaluasi lebih lanjut.
Metode: Penelitian ini adalah tinjauan sistematis yang dilakukan berdasarkan protokol PRISMA-P, dengan pencarian literatur dari tahun 2021 hingga 2025 melalui basis data PubMed dan EBSCO. Studi yang dipilih melibatkan pasien CKD dengan anemia defisiensi besi, dengan hasil yang diukur berupa peningkatan Hb, ferritin, TSAT, dan efek klinis terapi. Analisis mencakup perbandingan berbagai formulasi zat besi, baik oral maupun intravena.
Hasil: Tinjauan terhadap tujuh jurnal menunjukkan bahwa terapi zat besi secara signifikan meningkatkan kadar Hb, ferritin, dan TSAT pada pasien CKD dengan anemia defisiensi besi. Ferric citrate hydrate (oral) dan ferric derisomaltose (intravena) menunjukkan efektivitas tinggi, dengan ferric derisomaltose memberikan respons hematologi yang lebih cepat dan profil keamanan yang lebih baik dibandingkan iron sucrose. Terapi oral seperti ferric sodium EDTA memberikan manfaat tambahan berupa penurunan parameter inflamasi seperti C-reactive protein (CRP). Sebagian besar terapi memiliki profil keamanan yang baik, dengan efek samping ringan, kecuali ferrous sulfate yang sering menimbulkan masalah gastrointestinal.
Kesimpulan: Terapi zat besi, baik oral maupun intravena, efektif dan aman untuk meningkatkan Hb, ferritin, dan TSAT pada pasien CKD dengan anemia defisiensi besi. Pemilihan jenis terapi harus mempertimbangkan kebutuhan klinis pasien, efektivitas, dan risiko efek samping untuk memaksimalkan manfaat terapi. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi efek jangka panjang dan membandingkan langsung formulasi yang berbeda.
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